Behavioral Addictions And Substance Abuse Addictions

In 2013, the release of the updated Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) added gambling disorder to the category titled Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders. (The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 2013) In the previous edition of the DSM, gambling, along with other behavioral addictions were in the Impulse Control Disorders category of the DSM-III and DSM-IV (Clark, 2014). Behavioral Addictions are said to be around for hundreds of years. For example, gambling was part of daily life in ancient Greece. (Hekster, 2002). In the first edition of American Psychiatric Association in 1812, there was detailed mention of excessive sexual desire (Rush, 1812). Yet, behavioral†¦show more content†¦(Rosenberg, Curtiss, Feder, 2014) The American Psychiatric Association defines addiction as: the failure to resist an impulse, drive, or temptation to perform an act that is harmful to the person or to others (American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc; 2000. text revision (DSM-IV-TR). This definition was not limited to substance abuse addictions. Addiction is defined by Aviel Goodman as; â€Å"Addiction is a condition in which a behavior that can function both to produce pleasure and to reduce painful affects is employed in a pattern that is characterized by two key features: (1) recurrent failure to control the behavior, and (2) continuation of the behavior despite significant harmful consequences.† (Neurobiology of addiction: An integrative review 2007 pg. 270) Marc Potenza, who did a phenomenal amount of research on behavioral addictions, believes that components of addictions are found to have the following affects: continued involvement in the behavior despite adverse consequences. No or limited self-control over the behavior which leads to compulsive involvement to this behavior. And lastly, an appetite or urge to continue practicing the substance of choice. (Potenza 2006, pg 120, the neurobiology of addiction). To answer the question, what qualifies a behavior as an addiction; A behavior can qualify as an

How to Say Any in Spanish

The English word any has no single equivalent in Spanish, and when it is used to mean an uncountable noun or a plural noun, it is usually left out completely.  There are a few cases where you can use the word any to mean some, none or whatever, and in those cases, there is a translation for the word. When Any Can Be Omitted in Translation In many cases, any as an adjective is superfluous in Spanish, adding little independent meaning and can be omitted without much change in how the sentence is understood. Under those circumstances, and especially in questions, the word can usually be left untranslated in the Spanish equivalent.   English Sentence Spanish Translation If you have any additional questions about this product, you can check the label. Si tienes preguntas adicionales sobre este producto, puedes consultar la etiqueta. Are there any books about the National Museum in English?  ¿Hay libros sobre el Museo Nacional en inglà ©s? If we don't make any progress this week, a huge job will be left for us next week. Si no hacemos progresos esta semana, nos quedarà ¡ una tarea monumental para la semana prà ³xima. Do you want any more carrots?  ¿Quieres mà ¡s zanahorias? I don't feel any pain. No siento dolor. Remember, there are times when any can or should be translated. There are a few ways to express the idea of any when it can mean some, none, whichever, or whatever in a sentence. When Any Means None Double negatives are common and acceptable in Spanish. In negative sentences, any can often be translated as ninguno, which varies according to number and gender. Note that ninguno is shortened to ningà ºn when it comes before a singular masculine noun. Like any, ninguno and its variations can function as both adjectives and pronouns. English Sentence Spanish Translation If you don't have any of these documents, you can submit one of the following. Si no tiene ninguno de estos documentos, puede someter uno de los siguientes. I don't see any advantages for the citizens. No veo ningunas ventajas para los ciudadanos. I don't feel any pain. No siento ningà ºn dolor. By using a double negative, in Spanish, it can allow the speaker to be emphatic. As is the case with the example, I dont feel  any  pain. The speaker can simple state,  No siento dolor.  However, when using the double negative and stating,  No siento  ningà ºn  dolor.  The speaker is emphasizing a state of being that is extremely pain free. It is similar to an English speaker saying, I dont feel any pain, not a one. When Any Means Some When any is used in a sentence and it stands in as a pronoun meaning some, it can be expressed in two ways as alguno  or algunos for the singular and plural masculine pronoun and  alguna or algunas  for the singular and plural feminine pronoun. An example of this would be,  I have two dogs. Do you have any? In the second sentence, you can replace the word any with alguno.  Tengo dos perros  ¿Tienes alguno? When Any Means Whatever or Whichever When any is used to mean that a variety of choices will do, such as whatever or whichever in English, you can use cualquiera, which is shortened to cualquier when used as an adjective before a masculine or feminine noun.   English Sentence Spanish Translation I am looking for any Harry Potter book. Busco cualquier libro de Harry Potter. Any mother can distinguish her child from all other children. Cualquier madre puede distinguir a su hijo de todos los demà ¡s nià ±os. "Which meal do you want to eat?" Any one. It doesn't matter." Cualquiera. No importa. It is absolutely prohibited to provide syringes or hypodermic needles in any way. Es absolutamente prohibido suministrar de cualquier modo jeringuillas o agujas hipodà ©rmicas.

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1674 Words

The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald is a novel that was published in 1925 which was a period known as the â€Å"roaring twenties†. During this period, America was witnessing a post war euphoria that was a companied by prosperity, glamour, self-indulgence and excessive consumption (Bloomfield, p. 17). According to Bourdieu, America at that time was going through a gaudiest spree in history that was characterized by a lot of social change and mobility (p.2). For example, the stock market was getting into new heights, the congress passed the eighteenth amendment, outlawing of sale of alcohol and the opening up of financial opportunities for a number of people who ended up becoming millionaires. One such millionaire is Jay Gatsby who is the†¦show more content†¦The two eggs may have appeared similar in that they both possessed wealth and riches but the two were very different in terms of behavior and values. According to Fitzgerald, the wealthy people from East Egg hu miliated the wealthy people from West Egg and â€Å"carefully guarded against its spectroscopic gayety† (Fitzgerald,47). East Egg symbolizes old money which are the established wealthy and the West Egg symbolizes new money which is the newly accumulated wealth. Fitzgerald describes the citizens from East Egg and West Egg by focusing on their social classes and status. The East Egg is made up of people like Tom and Daisy Buchanan who belong to the upper class and have behaviors and refinement that come with the upper class (Fitzgerald, 57). Jay Gatsby is one of the new rich people from West Egg who became very wealthy during the â€Å"roaring twenties†. Gatsby tries to use his fortune to rise to the class of the established rich and win the love of Daisy Buchanan. However, Gatsby is not able to cross the traditional boundary of class despite the wealth he has accumulated. Fitzgerald describes the overwhelming class barrier that Gatsby struggles to overcome in order to win the love of Daisy Buchanan (Bloomfield, 22). According to the novel, Gatsby engages in a flamboyant display of wealth in order to impress Daisy and to show people that he has risen to the social class of the established wealthy. For

William Shakespeare s Hamlet - Hamlet - 1083 Words

Title: Hamlet Author: William Shakespeare Main Characters (Protagonist/Antagonist), Title, Traits: Hamlet (Protagonist): Prince of Denmark. Sarcastic, intelligent, stricken with grief at the death of his father, Hamlet Senior. Son of Hamlet Sr and Gertrude. Disgusted by his mother’s marriage to his uncle, Claudius. He is profoundly reflective, but at times acts rashly (likely the result of the rage and grief that consumes him thanks to the circumstances). Has a desire to bring justice to those that have done him wrong. Claudius (Antagonist): Hamlet’s uncle and stepfather. Marries Queen Gertrude after murdering his brother, to Hamlet’s disgust. Hungry for power, Claudius’s actions portray questionable morals, but he shows signs of remorse later in the play. Horatio (Protagonist): Loyal to Hamlet until the very end, Horatio aids Hamlet throughout the play, appearing to be his best intentioned friend. When it seems Hamlet has no one else, Horatio is there. Gertrude: Appears to be shallow and frail. Morally seeks the easier path rather than the right one. Prone to self-preservation, even if it means marrying the brother of her husband mere weeks after his death. Setting: Late middle ages (1300-1499) Elsinore, Denmark (specifically the palace) Summary: Hamlet Senior, King of Denmark, dies. His brother Claudius claims the throne and marries Queen Gertrude shortly after the death of the King. Hamlet Jr is stricken with grief and disgust at this turn of events, and isShow MoreRelatedHamlet : William Shakespeare s Hamlet1259 Words   |  6 PagesOmar Sancho Professor Christopher Cook English 201-0810 Hamlet Paper 23 May 2016 Hamlet Character Analysis â€Å"There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.†(Act 2, Scene 2, 239-251) Hamlet by William Shakespeare is one of the most famous plays written that conveys a multitude theme. But most predominant is the presence of Hamlet s obsession with philosophy of life, throughout the play Hamlet philosophy reviles his point of view love, loyalty, the importance of family and friendsRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - Hamlet1160 Words   |  5 PagesPart 1: Hamlet Word Count: 1000 In what ways does Shakespeare s Hamlet explore the human mind? The play Hamlet written by William Shakespeare, is seen to be an exploration of the human mind and shows the consequences our actions have when they are acted in pure impulse and emotion instead of being thought about. The character Hamlet makes majority of his decision in the heat of the moment, but had trouble deciding which action to take after intense consideration. The actions that Hamlet doesRead MoreHamlet By William Shakespeare s Hamlet1936 Words   |  8 PagesWilliam Shakespeare s, Hamlet, written in the seventeenth century and first performed in 1602, is still a complex and intriguing play that encompasses many Jungian archetypes in relation to the setting and characters. This play was approximately four centuries old before Shakespeare reworked it for the stage. Hamlet is based on events involving the death of the King of Denmark according to the Norse legends. This paper deals with a small portion of the entirety of the events in Hamlet. ScholarsRead MoreWilliam Shakesp eare s Hamlet - Hamlet And The Ghost Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough written over 400 hundred years ago, Hamlet remains a puzzling and complex play, partially due to the ambiguous Queen Gertrude. The Queen is a puzzling character as her motives are unclear and readers question her intentions throughout the play. Townsend and Pace in The Many Faces Of Gertrude: Opening And Closing Possibilities In Classroom Talk view her â€Å"as a simple-minded, shallow woman...who has no self beyond a sexual one† while Harmonie Loberg in Queen Gertrude: Monarch, Mother, MurdererRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet 1265 Words   |  6 PagesWe have all been guilty at some point in our lives of trying to act like a conflict we ve had has not existed or been a problem at all. In William Shakespeare s Hamlet we are bombarded with characters that are avoiding conflict by acting like they don t exist. Although majority of my classmates felt Hamlet was a play about revenge, I believe S hakespeare is addressing the issue of chaos and how it cannot be rectified by conjuring up a false reality; it only pushes the conflict into further disarrayRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet Essay902 Words   |  4 PagesTo be, or not to be; that s the question† (Act III, Scene 1, P.1127) is of the most widely circulated lines. As we all know, it is also the most important part of the drama, â€Å"Hamlet†, which is one of the most famous tragedy in the literature written by William Shakespeare between from 1599 to1602. The drama was written at the age of Renaissance that reflects the reality of the British society in sixteenth century to early seventeenth century. During that period, Britain was in the era of reverseRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet 1130 Words   |  5 PagesHoratio and Hamlet that demonstrate how he changes from the beginning to the end of the play. In the epic tragedy Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, Prince Hamlet is trapped in a world of evil that is not his fault. Hamlet’s demeanor and attitude fluctuate over the course of the play. While Hamlet means well and is portrayed to be very sensitive and moral, at times he can appear to be overruled by the madness and darkness from the tragedy of his father s murder. His dealings with his dad s ghostlyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet 1116 Words   |  5 PagesTeresa Fang Professor Moore Humanities 310 28 October 2015 To Seek Revenge or to Wait? Hamlet is a very enigmatic fellow. In Hamlet by William Shakespeare, the theme of revenge is presented as a controversial one. Before the play was set, Prince Hamlet’s uncle and new stepfather, King Claudius, had taken part in the assassination of his brother, old King Hamlet. Old King Hamlet died without a chance to receive forgiveness for his sins. As a result, his spirit is condemned to walk the earthRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet 1077 Words   |  5 Pagessuch as William Shakespeare have 4dictated their works in a way that allows for them to integrate common occurrences of new psychological findings into a text, giving them an opportunity to sculpt characters that differentiate themselves from one another. Psychoanalytical Criticism is the application of psychological studies incorporated into the findings of contemporary literature, principles founded by Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan are most commonly referred to in these texts. Hamlet is an identityRe ad MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet 2273 Words   |  10 Pages William Shakespeare was an English playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world s pre-eminent dramatist. Shakespeare is perhaps most famous for his tragedies. Most of his tragedies were written in a seven-year period between 1601 and 1608. One of these tragedies is his famous play Hamlet. The age of Shakespeare was a great time in English history. The reign of Queen Elizabeth saw England emerge as the leading naval and commercial power of the

Waiting for Superman Free Essays

Brad Mitchell Ms. Campbell ENG 101 01 October 2012 Waiting for ‘Superman’ The film â€Å"Waiting for Superman† follows five children as they have to struggle through a system of conflicting education regulations and avoid the academic pitfalls that are public schools in order to receive a proper education that may guarantee them a career. The film, directed by Davis Guggenheim, asserts the claim that Teachers’ Unions are a main problem to public education, and that charter schools are the safest and most definite method to ensure that a student acquires a proper education. We will write a custom essay sample on Waiting for Superman or any similar topic only for you Order Now While the film was created with good intentions to improve the education of American students, it has been dismissed by most due to the film seeming to demonize Teachers’ Unions and overly-praising charter school systems. Although public schools have indeed faltered since the 1970’s, it does not mean that private schools and charter schools are the go-to solution. The truth is, public school systems have been proven to perform just as well as, if not better than, the charter schools that the film seemingly praises as a definitive solution. An article from The Washington Post by Rick Ayers talks about a survey run by the Center for Research on Education Outcomes, or CREDO, saying that it â€Å"concludes that only 17% of charter schools have better test scores than traditional public schools, 46% had gains that were no different than their public counterparts, and 37% were significantly worse. † (Ayers. ) Another popular argument that the film expresses is that the Teachers’ Unions should be reformed because the regulations that the unions created make it nearly impossible to fire a bad teacher. Although Teachers’ Unions do have room for improvement, throughout history and across the globe the unions have done more good than harm. The American Federation of Teachers and the National Education Association were created to abolish the discriminatory pay rates between male and female teachers, and to establish a firm group to ensure that changes to school systems would not be made without representation and that teachers as a whole would not get the short end of the stick. Waiting for Superman† highlights Finland as having one of the best school systems in the world, while in fact ninety-percent of the Finnish labor force is operated by unions. Dana Goldstein wrote in an article for The Nation: You also don’t learn that in the Finnish education system, much cited in the film as the best in the world, teachers are—gasp! —unionized and granted tenure, and families benefit from a cradle-to-grave social welfare system that includes universal daycare , preschool and healthcare, all of which are proven to help children achieve better results at school. Goldstein. ) The film also continuously bashes tenure as ‘good idea turned horribly wrong’, saying that it allows bad teachers to sit in class and do nothing to teach their students without risk of being fired. Tenure was created to ensure that university professors would not be fired for political reasons or when there was a change in administration. When it branched out to public schools, tenure protected every teacher from being replaced due to absurd reasons like race, religion, or sexual preference. Several surveys have shown that most principals say they would indeed have the authority to fire a terrible teacher if the need arises. The other main point that â€Å"Waiting for Superman† argues about is the funding of public schools versus the funding of charter schools. Public schools are federally funded, meaning that decisions made concerning the school and its administration are made by the state, which fall under a set of federal regulations. Charter schools, however, are privately funded, originally by parents and teachers who were committed enough to start a school under their brand of administration and regulations, as time went on, though, more people created their own charter schools mainly for the purpose of gaining more money from applicants and showing little care for the education of students, if only to keep their charter school operating. â€Å"Waiting for Superman† has received both positive and negative reviews since its debut in September 2010. Many critics say that the film is little more than charter school propaganda. While it may seem that way, especially with all the accusations of statistical inaccuracy, the film should not be completely ignored. Davis Guggenheim has fulfilled the purpose of the movie by raising awareness about the quality of public education, and alerting the public to the mess that is the work of Teachers’ Unions and theirs’ and the governments’ conflicting regulations. The United States government and the people of the public must work together and reform and improve the nation’s education system for the benefit of their children in the short run, and for the benefit of their nation in the long run. Works Cited Dana Goldstein. â€Å"Grading ‘Waiting for Superman’. † The Nation. 23 September 2010. The Nation. 20 September 2012. http://www. thenation. com/article/154986/grading-waiting-superman#. Rick Ayers. â€Å"The Answer Sheet. † The Washington Post. 27 September 2010. The Washington Post. 20 September 2012. http://voices. washingtonpost. com/answer-sheet/guest-bloggers/what-superman-got-wrong-point. html. fairtest. â€Å"The Real Facts About ‘Waiting for Superman’. † FairTest. 29 September 2010. n. p. 20 September 2012. http://www. fairtest. org/real-facts-about-waiting-superman. How to cite Waiting for Superman, Essay examples

Measuring Media Effectiveness in Bangladesh free essay sample

The media consists mainly of television, radio, press, internet and cinema. This huge amount of money is spent on advertising primarily to create: Advertising/Total Brand Awareness: Consumer has been introduced to or reminded about the brand Brand Familiarity: Consumer recognizes specific brand names Brand Imagery: Consumer agrees with positive attributes specific to individual brands Purchase Intent: Consumer intends to purchase the brand So, as a big amount of money is associated to the media, the marketers strive o know how useful these media will be in achieving these goals. Marketers have become increasingly aware of the implications of a changing media landscape. For example, continuing media fragmentation means that a more complex array of media plans are possible. Given that some media plans will be much more successful than others at engaging with consumers and delivering marketing profitability, marketers want to know how to increase the odds of finding the optimal media m ix to achieve marketing success. We will write a custom essay sample on Measuring Media Effectiveness in Bangladesh or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 1. 1 Motivation and Rationale of StudyPeople from different demographic groups are exposed to media in different ways. And also not everyone is exposed to all the media. So it is very important for the marketer to know which media will be appropriate to reach his target market and when and how that media should be used. The marketer has to know how effective will a media be to achieve the marketing goals. There are several Medias like television, press, radio, internet and cinema and hence the marketer needs to know which media will bring out the best outcome from his advertisements.Because if the marketer cannot reach the target market with the selected media, the allocated budget will be wasted and the marketing goals will not be achieved This research paper has tried to solve these problems of the marketer by giving an idea about the media context of Bangladesh. This research explains how useful the television, radio, print and internet media will be in creating: Advertising/Total Brand Awareness: Consumer has been introduced to or reminded about the brand Brand Familiarity: Consumer recognizes specific brand namesBrand Imagery: Consumer agrees with positive attributes specific to individual brands Purchase Intent: Consumer intends to purchase the brand 1. 2 Method of Study The method used for this research was Personal in home survey where the researcher personally visited the respondents with the questionnaire and asked and explained the questions to the respondents. So the respondent understands the questions very clearly and can think before they answer. A sample size of 100 was selected through convenient sampling method but also special care has been taken about maintaining a fair mix of different age groups and genders to get an unbiased result.As this research only attempts to measure the media effectiveness, so the following 2 assumptions/hypothesis are made: 1. All media are equally expensive 2. All advertisements are of equal quality These two assumptions are made to eliminate the errors in measuring the media effectiveness. Because if these two assumptions are accepted then the success of the advertisement will solely depend on which media was used. 1. 3 Overall Objective The overall objective of this research paper is to measure the effectiveness of media in Bangladesh by finding out the influence of each media on achieving the marketing goals.